Home Page Archive (page 25)

Rocket Trails

In the same manner that radio control model aircraft are today under scrutiny by government regulating agencies (DHS, FBI, et al), model rocketry suffered various forms of discrimination in its early days of widespread popularity. Per this 1963 article from American Modeler magazine, "The status of model rocketry under the law has often been a questionable one in several sections of the country. Our hobby has been variously labeled as fireworks, handling and discharging explosives, public nuisance (which covers a multitude of sins), disturbance of the peace, a hazard to aircraft in flight, dangerous to persons and property on the ground, and 'dangerous killer.' As the record shows it is none of these." The more things change, the more they stay the same; ignorance is NOT bliss...

Modern Planes Album, December 1939 Flying Aces

"...the new World War has clamped down the screens of censorship, hence we shall be lucky to get anything much in the way of info and pictures on new equipment to be used by the warring nations." That appeared in the December 1939 issue of Flying Aces magazines. Most people here in America think of World War II beginning on December 7th, 1941, with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. In actuality, the war began much sooner with Hitler's and Hirohito's invasions in Europe (and North Africa) and Asia (South China and South Pacific), respectively. The accepted start date is September 1, 1939, following Hitler's invasion of Poland. Since a December magazine issue typically went to press in October or October, the war had only begun a month or two earlier. Of particular interest here (to me, anyway) is the Curtiss XP−42, obviously a modification of the P−40 Warhawk, but with a noticeably different cowl. Its shape suggests an inline type engine, but reportedly it housed a Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp radial...

Candid Camera at the 1959 NATS

Here are a few more photos from the 1959 AMA Nationals, in continuation of coverage in the July and August issues of Model Aviation magazine. Some are behind-the-scenes shots rather than just flight line action. Vintage unbuilt kits of a lot of the airplanes you see in these pictures are selling for a small fortune today on eBay. BTW, this series of Model Aviation is completely different than and precedes the current incarnation of Model Aviation that followed the American Aircraft Modeler and American Modeler titles. Its size is just 8½" high by 5½" wide, and were typically only about 20 pages. The February 1959 issue has about twice as many pages because it also contains the 1950-1960 "Official Model Aircraft Regulations Governing Sporting Model Aviation in America." I have all 12 issue from 1959, and don't know if others are available...

WAG - Hand-Held Relayless Dual Transmitter

If you like re-visiting the old days of radio control (notice I didn't use the adjective "good") to see how far we have come in terms of equipment, then this article from the January/February 1963 edition of American Modeler magazine is just what you are looking for. Dr. Walter Good (no relationship to the adjective mentioned above) developed this "handheld" transmitter at a featherweight seven pounds to replace his previous 32-pound monstrosity. Modern digital transmitters with 100,000x the processing capability weigh less than a pound. Being a tube circuit admirer, I have always been impressed at what designers were able to do with so little. Some day our kids will look back at the Futaba 14M and wonder how we managed to keep model sin the air with the need to actually hold a transmitter at all (brain wave control will be standard equipment)...

Falcons of the Flame, December 1939 Flying Aces

This might be the first of the Donald Keyhoe air adventure stories I have posted featuring Dick Knight. Flying Aces magazine, in this case the December 1939 issue, for many years ran series like this one with fictional heroes who flew daring missions for military, intelligence, corporate, and patriotic citizen purposes. The era was post World War I up through the run-up to and into World War II. Authors like Donald Keyhoe and Archibald Whitehouse were themselves pilots, and in many cases decorated air aces from "The War to End all Wars," "The World War," and other monikers alluding to WWI. Of course by now we know WWI was not the final multinational battle to be fought. In addition to the intrigue and of ground-based adventure was detailed descriptions of air battles which described wing-overs, renversements†, Immelmann turns, zooms, dives, spins, split-esses, stall turns, and other maneuvers which were nearly the exclusive domain of dog fights taking place from tree-top level to the rarified atmosphere above the clouds. Tales of "hot lead" tearing holes through wing fabric and the shattering of cabane struts reminds you that you are reading about biplanes of your and not metal-clad fighters of WWII like P−51 Mustangs and P−38 Lightnings...

World's Biggest Radio Telescope - SKAO

"An international team of researchers has demonstrated that the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) is capable of detecting radio emissions from normal spiral galaxies in the early universe. The SKAO, whose construction began this year, will soon be the largest radio telescope in the world. The astronomers, who are part of the SKAO's 'Extragalactic Continuum' working group, are looking for a way to study a cosmic era in which star-forming activity suddenly decreased after an epoch known as 'Cosmic Noon.' To this end, they simulated the physical properties of the interstellar medium of galaxies similar to the Triangulum Galaxy (M 33) and the Whirlpool Galaxy (M 51) in an early age of the Universe. The results show that potential surveys should be sensitive enough to detect galaxies already in SKAO's first deployment phase..."

Outboard Model Boat Motors

Outboard motors for model boats have been available for a long time. Advertisements in modeling magazines from the 1950s (as far back as my collection goes) has plenty of them. Ailyn's Sea Fury outboard motor and the Fuji outboard motors are just a couple examples for which I have copies of the ads. I don't know if any are still manufactured today, but if you hang around eBay long enough, you will find them up for auction. As of this writing, there is a Fuji .15 outboard motor up for bid. It appears to me in remarkably good condition. These two advertisements were scanned from 1950s vintage American Modeler magazines, offered by America's Hobby Center (no longer in business) in New York City. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' inflation calculator the $29.95 price in 1957 would be $313.59 in 2011 money. These vintage motors usually sell at about the inflation-adjusted price, so when you see them go for a couple hundred dollars, it really is not so much in today's money...

Youth Air Movement News

The flying business was big business in the early days of aviation. From the beginning, specialized training and certification was needed to be trusted in the air with mail, cargo, and the lives of strangers. As with today, a flyboy could teach himself to fly and put his own neck on the line (only with ultralights now, though), but anything more meant graduating from a college curriculum and/or getting training from the military. The Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA, now the Federal Aviation Administration cum FAA), oversaw non-military flights and its Civilian Pilot Training Program (CPTP) regulated and certified private schools for teaching aspiring pilots aerodynamics, mechanics, weather phenomena, airframe and powerplant maintenance, rules and regulations, public relations, and other necessary skills. This "Youth Air Movement News" column from the December 1939 issue of Flying Aces magazine reported on the progress of the program, and mentioned here that women were being permitted into the flying schools as well...

Collins Aerospace Electric Motor for Airlander 10

"The 2,000 rpm permanent magnet electric motor has been developed in a partnership with Hybrid Air Vehicles and the University of Nottingham, where Collins has begun basic characterization testing of the motor. Collins said it is targeting specific power density levels of 9kW/kg and 98% efficiency using a novel motor topology and composite construction. The company is designing the motor at its Electronic Controls and Motor Systems Centre of Excellence in Solihull where it is also developing its 1 MW electric motor and motor controller for the Pratt & Whitney Canada (P&WC) regional hybrid-electric flight demonstrator. The two motors are part of Collins' technology roadmap for the development of a family of electric motors that can be appropriately scaled to meet the needs of hybrid-electric and all-electric applications across multiple aircraft segments..."

The Rocket Ship

It was on March 16, 1926, that Robert Goddard made history in Auburn, Massachusetts, by successfully launching the world's first liquid fueled rocket. The propellant was a mixture of gasoline and liquid oxygen. That was a mere ten year prior to this article that appeared in Boys' Life magazine. Author T.E. Mussen comments that as of the writing, "thus far the rocket has carried neither men nor recording instruments, nothing more than the source of its own propelling power." Breathtaking speeds of 700 mph had been attained and altitudes of 7,500 feet staggered the imagination with impossible proposals - like someday sending human beings to the moon. The oft referenced American Rocket Society (ARS) was created in 1930, and was the leading professional group for advancing rocket science. The group was planning for such missions three decades before they became reality. ARS was merged with the Institute of Aerospace Sciences in 1963 to become the present day American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)...

A Motorless Sailplanes for Mars Exploration

Here's what you get when a non-modeler writes a headline about an e-powered sailplane. Clearly, the photo shows a motor in the nose, and unless it is hauled aloft by the Ingenuity coaxial helicopter (which it won't be) or some sort of winch is installed on the surface (which won't be), the craft needs a motor. It will also need wheels. The story begins begins: "Eight active spacecraft, including three operated by NASA, orbit Mars, gathering imagery of the planet's surface at a resolution of about 1 foot per pixel. Three rovers traverse the ground, mapping small areas of the planet with greater precision. But what lies in the hundreds of kilometers between the rovers and the orbiters - including atmospheric climate processes and geological features like volcanoes and canyons - is often of most interest to planetary scientists. 'You have this really important, critical piece in this planetary boundary layer, like in the first few kilometers above the ground..."

Radio Controlled Model Sailboat

As you can tell from all the vintage modeling and electronics magazine I own and use to post various article, I am prone to waxing nostalgic about the days of yore. Being born in 1958, I am part of the last generation of people brought up at a time when patriotism, courtesy, manners, and civility was taught in school and in the public square by fellow citizens and even politicians. However, there are limits to my desire to enjoy the environment of the good 'ole days, and one of them is the need to build (often), tune, and repair nearly all the electronic equipment used in model aviation and model boating activities. This "Radio Controlled Model Sailboat" article from a 1948 issue of Radio News magazine is a prime example of what I mean. While knowing how to do all the work involved in the system created by these two Raytheon engineers is a great achievement, the work involved is extremely time consuming and takes away significantly from the time actually spent enjoying sailing the boat. Modern compact, powerful, reliable, relatively inexpensive, fully proportional, feature-packed radio systems are much preferred over the former. Here is a short tale of my own venture into R/C sailboating with a Thunder Tiger Victoria sloop, circa 2000...

ARRW Hypersonic Boosted Test Flight

"Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Air Force have successfully conducted a hypersonic-boosted flight test of the AGM-183A Air-launched Rapid Response Weapon (ARRW) from the service's B-52H Stratofortress. The successful flight demonstrated the weapon’s ability to reach and withstand operational hypersonic speeds, collect data for use in further flight tests, and validate safe separation from the aircraft to deliver the glide body and warhead to designated targets from significant standoff distances. Dave Berganini, vice president of Hypersonic and Strike Systems at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control said that the need for hypersonic strike capabilities is critical to the USA, with the successful test helping to maintain 'an accelerated and rigorous timeline.' Additional booster and all-up-round test flights will continue throughout 2022, before reaching Early Operational Capability (EOC) in 2023..."

Flyangle Article & Plans

Bill Hannan was a prolific designer of and author of magazine articles and books about free flight models. His contributions spanned more than fifty years. Many of his designs, like the Flyangle, targeted beginners. It appeared in the March 1970 issue of American Aircraft Modeler magazine His goal was to present models that were easy to build and that were constructed in such a manner as to virtually guaranty success. Based on the inherently rigid, warp resistant triangular features of the AMA's Delta Dart, Hannan's Flyangle introduces a built-up fuselage with a triangular cross-section. It is the next logical step up from the Delta Dart. Airplanes and Rockets website visitor Ray M. wrote to request this article. It's nice to know there are still purists out there building these models...

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Starting R/C Model Boating

Radio controlled (R/C) model boating has been around since the 1940s, but prior to about when this "Starting R/C Model Boating" article appeared in the 1960 Annual issue of Air Trails magazine, the electronic gear required for operation was primarily in the realm of those who were adept enough at electronics to design and/or build their own equipment. Commercial rigs were available on the open market, but they were expensive. Most craft built in the early days of R/C model boating were scale models of leisure craft or of military ships. High speed racing boats, although they could be found, came later as equipment got smaller in size and weight. Unlike today where ready-to-run radio controlled boats can be purchased for a relatively low price, in 1960 the boating enthusiast had to build most of the running hardware himself using tubing, wire, and sheet metal. Producing something like this electric motor powered cabin cruiser was a monumental project that took a lot of time. Of course most people had more time and will to devote to constructive hobbies before the era of 500 television channels to zombie out on, or Internet access from computers or cellphones...

The Gravity Plane

Here is a unique concept called the "Gravity Plane" that theoretically can take off, climb to altitude, cruise, descend, and land using only stored helium and built-in air compressors. Conceived of by Robert D. Hunt of Hunt Aviation†, it purports to be entirely self-powered, but in reality we know that conservation of energy requires that 100% efficiency be realized in order for that to be so. Still, it is an interesting idea. There are currently automated, unmanned submarines that employ a similar principle for bobbing up and down through the oceans to collect research data. While there are lots of technical hurdles to overcome, it is an approach to "clean" flight that should be explored further, if for no other reason than to rule it out as a possibility. Maybe this would make a good radio controlled modeling project for someone. I'd do it, but just don't have the time. Come to think of it, there might be some stimulus money out there for funding such a green concept...

Twin .020 Helicopters

Flying model helicopter development understandably took a lot longer than airplanes because of the complex aerodynamic and mechanical issues that needed to be conquered for successful operation. A few direct drive rotor systems appeared early on, with the engine mounted in the fuselage, but a counter-torque force needed to be dealt with as the fuselage wanted to rotate in the opposite direction as the rotors. Ken Norris' implementation as shown in this 1961 issue of American Modeler magazine, solved that problem by mounting a pair of engines on a boom that was part of the rotor head assembly. Doing so meant the only torque transferred to the fuselage was due to any friction between the free-wheeling rotor shaft and the bearings, and due to accelerations during rotor speed changes. The physical size...

Build Me a Plane

The Douglas DC−3 (C−47 was the military version designation) has always been my favorite twin engined commercial airplane. Its nickname of "Gooney Bird" amongst troops is undeserved IMHO. The DC−3 is credited with launching the commercial airline industry, and its C−47 version was listed by Dwight D. Eisenhower as being on the most important tools for winning World War II. Edward F. Burton, Chief Engineer at Douglas Aircraft Company, runs through the evolution of the DC−3 and it predecessors and descendants in this December 1945 issue of Flying Age magazine. December of 1935 marked the maiden flight of the DC−2, was was a direct follow-on the the DC−2. A single DC−4 (4 engines) was built and delivered to Japan. Then a DC−5 was built (high-wing version of the DC−3) but never went into production. The 4-engine DC−6 entered commercial service in 1946, followed by the very popular DC−7. A coaxial, counter-rotating pusher prop model DC−8 (not to be confused with the 4-engine commercial DC−8 jet) never made it off the drawing board. The next iteration was the C−54, which...

1955 Ford "Thunderbird" Scale Pencil Drawings

In 1955, Ford introduced the Thunderbird convertible as its first true "modern" personal luxury car. It was not promoted as a sports car, although its 2-seat configuration certainly provided the requisite look. As with all new model years, the 1955 Ford Thunderbird was introduced to the public in the fall of 1954, in time for the December edition of Air Trails to publish a series of scale pencil drawings by Jefferies. The artist much have had access to at least some level of factory drawings because of the detail in the x-ray views; either that or he had an exceptional ability to visualize such things based only on external observations. If you are a Thunderbird fan, then you will appreciate these drawings...

All-Electric Alice Airplane to Fly this Summer

"Eviation’s sleek, all-electric airplane demonstrator–dubbed Alice–reportedly completed a low speed taxi testing program this month at Arlington Municipal Airport (KAWO), in Washington, north of Seattle, and is “gearing up” for its first flight “this summer.” The FlightGlobal report, from the European Business Aviation Conference and Exhibition (EBACE 2022) in Geneva, quotes interim CEO Gregory Davis, who said low-speed ground testing finished on May 2, with Alice achieving a maximum speed of 86 kts. High-speed taxi testing won’t be attempted until Alice has received an experimental permit to fly, Davis told FlightGlobal Tuesday. In April, Eviation told FLYING it was conducting a parallel process of ground testing and safety board reviews. Based on the ground test results—Davis told FlightGlobal that Eviation has slowed down its timeline..."

Model Airplane, Helicopter, Boat, & Rocket Videos

Here is a list of model airplane, helicopter, rocket, and boat videos put together around 2008. As you might expect, by now many of the websites and/or the original content are gone. Where possible, I located missing material on the Archive.org website (the Wayback Machine). Links I couldn't find anywhere have been deleted. Many of the videos are ones I created for the Airplanes and Rockets website...

NASA Releases JWST "Teaser" Photo

This is incredible, and the best is yet to come. "We're less than one week away from the July 12, 2022, release of the first science-quality images from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, but how does the observatory find and lock onto its targets? Webb's Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS), developed by the Canadian Space Agency, was designed with this particular question in mind. Recently it captured a view of stars and galaxies that provides a tantalizing glimpse at what the telescope's science instruments will reveal in the coming weeks, months, and years. FGS has always been capable of capturing imagery, but its primary purpose is to enable accurate science measurements and imaging with precision pointing. When it does capture imagery, it is typically not kept: given the limited communications bandwidth between L2 and Earth, Webb only sends data from up to two science instruments at a time. But during the week-long stability test in May, it occurred to the team that they could keep the imagery that was being captured because there was available data transfer bandwidth. The engineering test image - produced during a thermal stability test in mid-May..."

Model Aviation Comics of Yore

As was the case with many magazines up through about the 1970's, comics reflecting the theme of the publication was often found within the pages of each issue. This 1960 edition of American Modeler magazine is a good example. It contained no fewer than six model aviation themed comics, one related to a particular advertisement for the Fox Glo−Master Battery and Plug, and five stand-alone comics. The Table of Contents (TOC) page often had a "silent" comic with no dialog or caption. In fact the comic that spanned both pages 42 and 43 is like typical TOC comic. The control line combat scenario on page 49 reminds me of something you'd see on the old BattleBots show (which I haven't seen in many years, but is evidently still running). Anyway, enjoy them all!

Aquativity Roundup

"Aquitivity Roundup" was a monthly column in American Modeler magazine (the precursor to American Aircraft Modeler, precursor to the current Model Aviation). American Modeler covered many aspects of modeling other than airplanes including rockets, boats, cars, and to a lesser extent, trains and helicopters (helis were for experimenters at the time). Radio control for models boats was in full swing by 1962, both for engine and wind power. Just as with model airplanes, model boats were run as free float (a la free flight - get it?), on a tether (a la control line) and by remote control (could be via sound, light, or radio signals)...

Flying into Focus

One of the motivations for posting these photos from a 1945 issue of Flying Age magazine is the appearance of an F2G Corsair, of which I own a Cox control line model from back in the 1960's. Having been published shortly after the end of World War II, there are some things being shown that probably would not have been declassified a year earlier, like the De Havilland Vampire jet airplane. I have to admit to not knowing what the "pannier" was mounted to the belly of the converted Halifax bomber. A pannier is a basket, as most cyclists probably know. The word derives from the Old French "panier," meaning bread basket. Another bit of news to me was the "Lily" portable sea-drome that simulated aircraft carrier conditions to help train pilots for takeoffs and landings on the oceans. Another very interesting item is the "tube" which housed three Jake reconnaissance planes aboard a giant "Jap" submarine...

Aviation News - Here and There in the Air

Flying Aces magazine featured a monthly "Aviation News" column that covered both model and full-size aviation happenings across the country and on foreign soil. This 1934 issue reported on the land-based "lighthouses" which were established throughout the land in order to guide airplanes from airport to airport. Not much in the way of radio direction finding was available at the time, and this method was more consistent and reliable than having farmers build bonfires in their fields for pilots to look for. "Dead reckoning" was still the order of the day back then. Compared to today where only in the most remote areas are lacking any manmade visual object to positive identification while navigating, real "seat of the pants" skill was required to fly cross-country routes without getting lost. Nowadays, GPS-linked and/or inertial navigation systems can flying an airplane from point A to point B without any assistance from a human. Also told...

Robot Helicopter

This angled, twin rotor, no-tail-rotor (NOTAR) configuration for a remotely controlled helicopter was pioneered by Kaman Aircraft Corporation in the 1950s, and is still a unique part of their product lineup today. Per their website, "The Unmanned Aerial Truck (UAT) continues a Kaman tradition of pioneering unmanned helicopters. In 1957, Charles Kaman, founder of Kaman Corporation, created the first pilotless aircraft." The embedded video below is a 1957 edition of the "You Asked for It" television show, where host Jack Smith reported on a demonstration of the craft. It is amazingly stable and easy to fly, by a pilot in the cockpit, from a ground-based remote control station, or from a remote control unit located in another airborne helicopter. As you will see, this probably qualifies as the first practical first-person-view (FPV) remote controlled aircraft...

DARPA Liberty Lifter Ground Effect Seaplane

"The U.S. is seeking to develop a massive new seaplane known as the Liberty Lifter that will harness the ground effect to transport military payloads over long distances. An X-plane project under the direction of DARPA, Liberty Lifter will be designed to operate at sea for weeks at a time, capable of both water and traditional runway landings. When traversing long distances across water, the seaplane will seek to exploit the ground effect, flying just a few meters above the sea’s surface to reduce drag and allow the aircraft to operate with high efficiency. The concept has been successfully exploited in the past by the Soviet-era ekranoplans. Known as Project 903, the Lun-class ekranoplan MD-160 came into service in 1987, using the ground effect for efficient military logistics in and around the Caspian Sea. Just one model was ever fully built..."

Principles of Model Building

The May 1934 issue of Flying Aces magazine contained another installment in the "Principles of Model Building" series it ran for many months. This particular article introduces formulas for calculating the area of various shapes ranging from a simple rectangle to circles, parallelograms, triangles, trapezoids, and more. It also demonstrated how to break irregular shapes into individual constituent shapes, calculate the areas of each, and then add (or subtract) them for a total area. It is a relatively simple procedure for anyone familiar with basic geometry, but many modelers are not inclined toward the technical side of the physics and mathematics which define govern flight. Calculation of area is necessary for determining wing loading, control surface are ratios, volume (a bit more complicated, but easily an extension of area calculation in three dimensions), etc. As a side note, while preparing the sketches for posting here, I saw in Fig. 36 the definition of pi (π) and due to the low original printing quality, the decimal point was barely visible so it appeared to be at most a tiny random dot. The "1" is slanted so it looked like a division line, so at first I though the author was giving π = 3 / 4 as a fractional estimate of pi, which of course at 0.75 is way off of the standard estimate of 3.14. I therefore inserted a prominent decimal point so the 3.14 would be obvious. BTW, a common fractional estimate for pi is 22 / 7 = 3.145, which is only 0.001264 away from the actual value of π to six decimal places (a mere 0.0402% error...

Amateur Rocketry Thrives in Oregon's High Desert

"Brothers is a place that has somehow slipped outside the passage of time. Located in a sea of sagebrush in central Oregon, this former stagecoach stopover once serviced horse-drawn migrants bound for the Willamette Valley. When cars replaced carriages, the town transitioned to a highway fill station, one of few in this arid and isolated expanse ... A clutch of attractive prefab homes with nearby sheds, scrub pines, and satellite-dishes indicate some kind of human presence, and a red and white schoolhouse is freshly painted ... The view from the picnic tables is the same as from anywhere in Brothers: sage, rabbitbrush, greasewood, and cheatgrass to the horizon. But you can turn southwest on the right afternoon for a surprise: the unmistakable snarl of rockets erupting from the steppe follows smoke trails across the sky. Thanks to the nonprofit organization OregonRocketry, Brothers has outlasted the surrounding ghost towns..."

Electrodrome: Fog and Poison Gas

1934 was still riding the back of the high voltage craze popularized by Nikola Tesla at the turn of the century. Super high voltage spark gap transmitters were still being used in long distance communications for special applications. William Haight was one of many people engaged in weather manipulation - both its creation and destruction. Transportation, agriculture, and recreation would greatly benefit from the ability to locally and temporarily control weather. This story of Mr. Haight's high-voltage "electrodrome" machine appeared in the May 1934 issue of Flying Aces magazine. Another version of this electrodrome article by author Mel Wharton, entitled "Eliminating the Peril of Fog," appeared in the April 1934 edition of Flying magazine. There he says, "Repeated tests have shown that the operations of dispersing fog is most effective at about 600,000 cycles - though work is done all the way on a range from 500,000 to 1,500,000 cycles. The machine is capable of developing 500,000 volts, but only a fraction of this voltage is found necessary." A 4½ horsepower gasoline engine-powered generator provides the voltage. A May 1935 issue of Popular Mechanics magazine reports on Mr. Haight's electrodrome work...