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Global Engine Review
1963 Annual Edition American Modeler

Annual 1963 American Modeler
Annual 1963 American Modeler magazine cover - Airplanes and RocketsTable of Contents]

These pages from vintage modeling magazines like Flying Aces, Air Trails, American Modeler, American Aircraft Modeler, Young Men, Flying Models, Model Airplane News, R/C Modeler, captured the era. All copyrights acknowledged.

Vintage engine collectors and historians will love this article from the 1963 Annual edition of American Modeler. It is chock full of information, line drawings, and photographs of what was probably fairly comprehensive coverage of all the engines being produced at the time. The list is not restricted to the USA; it also includes engines from Italy, France, the USSR, West Germany, and others. Extensive tables are provided detailing specifications for both glow fuel and diesel fuel. Be sure to click on the images to see larger versions. Enjoy.

Global Engine Review

Global Engine Review, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsNever before has there been so comprehensive a round-up of he world's air-model powerplants as offered here. If you find this compendium of special help, the editors would appreciate hearing from you and your model club.

This roundup is designed to list every model airplane engine currently available in the world today - at least, in their respective countries - and to comment on those of particular interest. Featured are more than 270 types. Practically every basic design is listed and, in some cases, different versions. Sometimes, a manufacturer may offer as many as six variations of a standard model, but with only very minor differ-ences. The German Jena .15 c.i.d. "diesel," for example, is not only made in disc-valve and reed-valve versions, each type is available with large or small diameter cylinder fins. Since these latter differences do not affect the general specifications of the engine only the basic designs are listed to avoid excessive duplication of date.

The hobby-model market develops and changes so rapidly the question naturally arises: how up to date is our listing? First we should say a word about how most engine manufacturers work. Some produce engines continuously (particularly popular .049's), but generally engines are built in batches - i.e., a maker may run off ten thousand .35's and then turn his attention to .15's and .19's for a while. Later he goes back to his .35 or to some other size. Particularly with special types, like racing .29's and .60's, a manufacturer might not return them to production for a year or more ... depending on how he makes use of his plant facilities and/or the demand for them.

Therefore, many an engine not presently in production may be considered to be current provided that parts and finished mills are still warehoused or there is an indication that the manufacturer may resume production. Our list includes a few new motors which were still not obtainable at press time, but which the manufacturers say will be on the market in early 1963. Not all 1963's-to-be-sure are listed, since some manufacturers were unable or unwilling to provide data on their new babies. On the other hand, some engines still on sale are not carried in our list because the makers advised us that no more of that type are to be built.

Dooling, OS 49 RC, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsVeco 19, Taplin Twin, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsOnly engines which have been put into "series production" are included in this survey. This qualification is simple enough to apply to engines of the major producing nations. It is more difficult to define in the case of Czechoslovakia and Poland and the situation is decidedly obscure in Russia ... it is almost impossible to obtain detailed information on model motor production from that country. We have, therefore, included only the types definitely known to have been turned out in series in these countries, although it should be understood that series production in these instances can mean anything from a few dozen to a few thousand. Large scale production of engines is confined to the United States and, to a lesser extent, to Britain, Japan, Germany and Italy - roughly in that order.

Our tables show glow and diesel engines arranged in order of displacement for easy reference. Bore and stroke data are those given by the manufacturer or if not supplied, then obtained, wherever possible, from measurement of actual motors. In the case of engines of other than American or British make, these figures

U.S.A. - America pioneered the production of model gas engines in the thirties with such spark-ignition motors as the Brown Junior and Baby Cyclone running on gasoline. From 1947-48 on the United States developed the glowplug motor and set a standard for the rest of the world. The oldest name in the model engine business is that of the Herkimer (N.Y.) Tool & Model Works Inc., who have been making their O.K. engines for more than a quarter-century.

Glow Plug Motor Specification Chart, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and Rockets

Glow Plug Motors Specification Chart

Diesel Motor Specification Chart, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and Rockets

Diesel Motors Specification Chart

Smallest of the O.K. Cub range is the little .024 weighing but nine-tenths of an ounce. It is supplied with a 5" nylon prop which it will turn at over 13,000-rpm. Similar in design is the larger Cub .049A. Both these motors feature a rear reed-valve intake, glow filament built in the head and radial mounting via an integral nylon tank. The .049B, on the other hand, has front rotary-valve induction, detachable tank and combined beam and radial mounting. This model is also available, unassembled, for a dollar less. Together with the .074 and .099 models, the 049B is also offered in an "S" version equipped with self-rewind pull-cord clutch type starter.

The lightest engines in their classes are the Cub .14 and .19. Following basic Cub layout with screw-in radially ported cylinders are the .29 and .35 models, the largest American engines to feature this type of cylinder design. O.K. makes two diesels, the only American made compression-ignition engines on the market, of .049 and .075 cubic inch displacement. Their variable compression head differs from most European diesels in having a flange on the contra-piston which automatically prevents the compression adjustment from exceeding a certain value and makes the use of a nitrated diesel fuel virtually essential. They also feature a unique "shock absorber" member between the contra-piston and compression screw.

Smallest internal combustion engine in regular production anywhere is Leroy Cox's Tee-Dee .010, displacing just under 1/100-cu-in, weighing a bare half-ounce without its radial mount tank. This wonderful little motor delivers its maximum power out-put at 27 to 28 thousand rpm, the highest peaking speed of any production of any size to date. It turns its standard 3" diameter prop at this speed; on reduced load, it will quite happily exceed 32,000 rpm.

Also in the "Tee-Dee" line are the .020, .049, .051 and .09 c.i.d. models. These shaft rotary valve engines develop very high performance in their respective displacement groups. Cox's various .049 c.i.d. engines have always been in the forefront of Half-A class competition, beginning with the famous reed-valve Space-Bug and Thermal Hopper series of ten years back... the Tee-Dee .049 currently upholds these Cox traditions. This and the .051 (identical except for a 4 thousandths greater bore) will exceed .14 brake horsepower at around 21,000-rpm. The latest .09 addition is slightly smaller than other .09's to qualify for the European 1.5cc group. Still more interesting is the fact that it substantially exceeds the performance of the best foreign engines of this size.

D-C Tornado Twin, Max-III 35, Krick Bambino, Holland Hornet, P.A.W. 19-D, Enya 35-II TV, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsThe Cox Special .15, an improved version of the Tee-Dee .15 introduced in 1961, was used by Swiss modeler Fritz Schneeburger to win the last F AI World Free-Flight Championship. The high power output of the Tee-Dee 15 (over .45-bhp at 17 to 18,000-rpm on 30% nitro fuel) led many control line enthusiasts to try it for speed work ... where the engine was run at rpms exceeding 22,000, piston and cylinder failure were occasionally reported. Cox therefore replaced the Tee-Dee .15 with his new Special .15 which has an extra heavy cylinder and wrist-pin equipped piston. Due to their high torque, these engines develop tremendous power for free-flight work and are likely to be numerous at the 1963 World F/F Championships.

For those who do not require top contest standards of performance, Cox offers simplified and less expensive versions of these front rotary models in the .049, .09 and .15 c.i.d. groups, known as the "Medallion" line. For the Sunday sport and "fun" flyer, there are the well established reed-valve Pee-Wee .020, Baby Bee and Golden Bee .049, also the Sportsman 15. All these are also found in the Cox ready-to-fly plastic models along with the rear rotary drum-valve RR-1 .049. All Cox engines are produced by highly advanced precision processes; crankcases are machined from solid stock instead of being made from castings.

One of the most prolific American manufacturers is Duke Fox. Duke currently has 15 different models on his production list. His most famous engine is unquestionably the Stunt .35 which is known the world over. During the past ten years it has probably powered more place-winners in C/L stunt contests than all other makes together. In speed circles the Fox .29X has been remarkably successful. A Fox trademark, beginning with the original rear disc valve Fox .59 of 1947, has been his Desaxe cylinder - i.e., the cylinder axis is offset relative to the crankshaft axis. This feature is still found in the larger Fox engines.

Jena 2M, Fox Combat Special, Mills 1.3, D-A Drabant, Moscow MD-2.5, K&B Torpedo 049, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsApart from the Stunt .35, a new Fox series began with the introduction of the original black head Fox Combat .35 which was based on a new crankcase design. From this, stemmed the Rocket .35, the Combat Special and, with lengthened stroke, the .397 c.i.d. Rat-Racing .40. Latest Fox trend in engines of this size is towards needle-bearings or ball-bearings in place of the normal bushing. The very powerful needle-bearing Combat Special (around .9-bhp on test) was the first of these, followed by the remarkably low-priced .35X to replace the Rocket .35). Due in the hobby shops is a new .40 with the crank journal supported via a rear ball· bearing and a front needle-bearing.

Among the smaller Fox models, the inexpensive .049 will shortly be announced in a selected contest version having a massive 5/16" dia. main journal (the stock engine is 1/4"). Duke's low-priced .15X is another engine available in a special high-performance version (.15XX). There is also a super reworked full-race version (direct from the factory) which promises to be a leading contender in .15 size speed circles. This versatile motor is made in an R/C version, as are the .10 and .40. Finally, there is the revived and revised .59 R/C for big multi-channel radio craft which features an aluminum piston with two rings.

"Torpedo," the name of a .29 engine designed by Bill Atwood in 1939, was produced and further developed after World War II by Kading & Brodbeck Manufacturing Company. Today, Johnny Brodbeck's K&B Manufacturing Corp. is a subsidiary of the big Aurora Plastics Corp. In a fine new factory at Downey, California, K&B turns out 14 types of engines in nine displacements from .049 to 045. The only engine which doesn't carry the Torpedo label is the .049 Tornado; this was specially commissioned by Aurora for their entry into the plastic ready-to-fly plane field. It had to start as easily as existing starter-equipped model engines, but without a starter ... and it does, aided by a unique non-metallic diaphragm type intake valve.

Super-Tigre G.20/15 "Jubilee" Diesel, Merco 49 R/C, Cox Special 15, Krizsma Record K-6, Veco 35C, Rivers "Silver Arrow", 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsMost widely used multi R/C engine during the past three years has been K&B's Torpedo .45 R/C. One of these won the World R/C Championship in 1960 for Ed Kazmirski and again in '62 for Tom Brett. Its throttling characteristics remain among the best. In 1960 Bill Wisniewski set some fantastic FAI and Class A speeds with a prototype of an entirely new K&B, the "Series 61" Torpedo .15R with twin ball-bearing shaft and disc valve intake. Released to the public early in 1961, the .15R, developing close to 1/2-hp at 20,000 rpm on 50 percent nitro, was followed by a Combat .35 - similar in design except for shaft induction - and by a .29R. All these Wisniewski-designed K&B engines are finely made and feature hard-chromed pistons and a special type of crankshaft construction.

The regular plain bearing, shaft valve Torpedo engines include the .19 (onetime holder of many speed records when it proved faster than some .29's), a slightly oversize (.201) version of the same engine for the benefit of contestants who want to fly in A and B categories with the same airplane, a barrel-throttle equipped R/C version, a stunt .29 and .35, plus Combat and R/C versions of the latter and a standard version of the .45 which became a very successful C/L Stunt motor. Both versions of the .45 are unique in that they are fitted with a backplate mounted counterbalancing flywheel driven by the crankpin.

The Duromatic Products division of the Testor Corporation, manufacturers of McCoy engines, are currently listing four models. A new model is planned for 1963. The most famous McCoy of all, of course, is the Red-Head .60. The current model actually dates back nearly 15 years. Only minor modifications have been carried out during that time. Since the .60 is still the most consistently successful Class C racing engine in use anywhere in the world this is a remarkable tribute to the soundness of Dick McCoy's original design. It follows the classic racing engine pattern of disc valve induction, twin ball-bearing shaft, ringed aluminum piston and puts out around 1.5-bhp - stock!

Of more orthodox design with shaft intake and plain bushed bearings are the .19, .29 and .35 McCoy models. During 1962, Duromatic made 100,000 .19's which sold at $4.95 as part of a program to encourage participation in the Air Youth State Championships.

E.D. "Bee" Ser. II, O.S. Max-III 15, Cameron 15, Eta 15 Mk.I, Super-Tigre C.35, Wen-Mac 049 Rotomatic, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsWhen a secondhand R/C multi engine changes hands for $150 it must be good. Prices up to that level (double the original cost) have been paid for Clarence Lee's handmade .45's, as used by Doug Spreng to win the 1960 and 1961 Nationals multi event. When Veco Products secured Clarence's services to design a 45 for them, we were not surprised to have another potential Nats R/C winner. In fact, it took the C/L stunt event as well. Clarence also made .49's but adopted the .45 since it provided a more acceptable balance of power and fuel consumption for those currently favored multis. Having seen some of the bigger engines run out of gas at the recent World R/C Championships, we think he had a good point!

At the other end of the Veco range, the .19 and .19 R/C are pleasant handling, well performing motors. Veco's .29 and .35 sizes include a .29R for Team Racing and Proto Speed and .35 Combat and R/C engines .

The current Johnson range manufactured by Dynamic Models is distinguished by the biggest crankshaft journal yet on a model engine ... 5/8" diameter. This permits exceptionally generous gas passages which contributes much to their high power output. The Combat Special .36 is especially popular on this account. Two ball-bearing versions of the engine include an R/C version. This latter is equipped with Johnson's special Auto-Mix carburetor fitted with a self compensating needle-valve to meter fuel in accordance with your throttle opening.

Dynamic also makes Holland Hornet engines designed by former National Champion, Bob Holland. Hornets, which have racked up an enviable record in Half-A free-flight over the years, are also offered in an .051 size for Class A and as a dual needle-valve 2-speeder. Another Johnson product is the Gilbert engine, made in two sizes for A. C. Gilbert "American Flyer" ready-to-fly models. These rugged motors use the seldom seen 3-port (or sideport) layout in which fresh gas is admitted to the crankcase though a port in the lower part of the cylinder instead of through a rotary-valve or reed-valve.

One of the biggest manufacturers, Wen-Mac, makes but one basic type. Wen-Mac turn out as many as 4,500 Half-A size glow engines per day, most go into their plastic ready-mades. Developed from a design by Bill Atwood, the Wen-Mac .049 is available in two models, the Hustler and the Rotomatic, with patented self-engaging recoil starter.

Super-Tigre 35C, Fox 049, D-C Merlin 046, Kometa MD-5, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsCameron Precision Engineering Co., who, before making motors under their own name, manufactured engines and engine parts for other firms, are currently offering their .15 c.i.d. engine in standard and throttle equipped versions. Well made and easy starting, these low priced motors are excellent values. A very extensive range of Cameron marine accessories is also available.

Dooling Brothers report that they still have their famous .29 and .61 facing engines on their production list. Batches of these are made "as and when" shop schedules permit. Meanwhile, most spare parts for these engines can be obtained.

A new American entry are the Dew .45 and .51 engines for R/C work. No details presently available.

GREAT BRITAIN - If America has set the standards by which the glow engines of the rest of the world are judged, then the British may be said to have done the same with diesels although they were not the first to produce a model diesel. Credit for that goes to the Swiss for the original .12 c.i.d. Dyno engine. But most of the progress in diesel design has originated in England.

The Oliver-Tiger .15 is certainly the most famous British engine in contest circles. It has an almost unbeaten record in national and international FAI class team-racing and until the advent of ultra high performance glow .15's, was a favorite for FAI free-flight. Made by the John Oliver father-and-son concern in Dorset, the secret of Oliver success is in the meticulous hand work that goes into the finishing and fitting of each engine. Design-wise the Tiger 2.5 c.c. Mk III (.15) and its smaller brother, the Tiger-Cub 1.5 c.c. Mk II (.09) are fairly orthodox and feature shaft valve, radial porting and twin ball-bearings. At extra cost they are also available in factory-modified versions giving up to 20 percent more power.. or approximately .36-bhp for the .15 and .23 for the .09.

Fox 15X, Jaguar 0.5 (03), MVVS 5.6, Holland Hornet 049, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsA rival for the Tiger is the Eta 15 diesel, also with twin ball-bearings and radial porting, but disc valve intake. The stock version of this motor will produce about .35 horsepower and speeds of over 100 mph have been reached with good FAI team-racers. The makers, Eta Instruments Ltd., also build two glow engines, the most successful of which has been their disc-valve, twin ball-bearing, ringed piston .29. Speed flyer Major Gus Johnson of the USAF has topped 150 mph with a model powered by one of these.

A third .15 diesel which has achieved a place in team-racing is the Rivers Silver-Streak. This front rotary motor has a unique shaft design with special needle roller bearings. Rivers make a 3.5 c.c. (.21 c.i.d.) engine of similar design called the Silver Arrow and this is also available in a slightly reduced bore version to come within the American .20 c.i.d. Class A limit. Diesels of over .15 c.i.d. are frequently rather harsh running, but the Silver Arrow is comparable in both power and smoothness with a good .19 glow engine.

Another .19 contest diesel with pleasing characteristics is the P.A.W. 19-D, built mainly for British combat flying (which limits engine displacement to .21 c.i.d.). This and its companion .15 and .09 models are the work of J.G. ("Gig") Eifflaender who, before becoming an engine manufacturer, accumulated many years of know-how by running a model engine re-boring and repairing service.

Oldest diesel still manufactured in Britain is the Mills. Actually, the present Mills 1.3 (.08) has remained virtually unaltered for thirteen years and its basic design goes back to the original Mk I Mills 1.3 which came on the market in the summer of 1946. The smaller .45 c.i.d. "75" model is not quite so old, but both engines are long-stroke, side-port types; easy to handle and are still widely recommended for beginners.

Taifun BLizzard 15, K&B Torpedo 049, Barbini B3.8 (06), Enya 19-IV, OK Cub Diesel 075, K&B Torpedo 19 R/C, VIP-20 (15), Johnson J-R/C 36, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsEasy starting small diesels are also produced by Allbon Saunders (.034 c.i.d. A-S 55) and Marown Engineering (.06 M. E. Heron). Both are well-made radially ported shaft valve motors with detachable fuel tanks. M.E. also offers an .09 of similar design.

Among the larger manufacturers, International Model Aircraft Ltd., a division of the big Lines Brothers toy organization, currently lists eight diesels and three glow engines under their "Frog" trademark. The diesels range from .049 to .21 c.i.d. and are of varied types. The 149-D Vibramatic, for example, has a unique type of automatic intake valve consisting of a steel shim diaphragm backed by a light coil spring. Having the same bore and stroke are the 150R with normal shaft valve and the 1500 Viper with rear rotary drum valve and twin ball-bearings. A plain bearing glowplug version of this latter mill is called the Venom. There is also an .06 based on the 150R crankcase. The 249-BB is a .15 twin ball-bearing diesel ... also obtainable in a modified contest version with improved porting. The 349 is a loop-scavenged .21 fitted with one ball-bearing and a rear drum valve; for R/C she's equipped with a barrel throttle and a neat exhaust extension for easy coupling to a pipe or muffler. Frog's smallest diesel is the 80 ... a glow version is called the 049-RG. Largest Frog is the rather elderly (1949) 500-RG, a .30 c.i.d. loop-scavenged glow job with a ball thrust race.

E.F. is another firm with a "mixed bag" of mills. One of their best, the Super-Fury .09 contest diesel, has a twin ball-bearing shaft and a non-metallic disc valve with alternate drive sockets for right or left handed rotation. Their "Racer" .15, introduced in 1951, has been one of their most successful and their Hunter .21 made the first R/C model aircraft crossing of the English Channel. Just announced by E.D. is a beginner's .06 Cadet. With this George Fletcher, E.D.'s new designer, is after docility and quietness. The Cadet has side port induction, spring starter and a neat, effective muffler as standard equipment. Coming is an entirely new job, the Condor 60 glow for R/C multi with twin roller bearings.

Merco 49 R/C, Krizma Record 15, Cox Pee-Wee 020, Super-Tigre G.20/15, K&B Torpedo 35 Series 61, Mills .75 (045), Webra Mach-1 (15), Oliver Tiger-Cub (09), Early MVVS Diesel, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsWhile production at the Davies-Charlton plant on the Isle of Man is concentrated mostly on small diesels for fly-for-fun modelers, three years ago this firm also began manufacture of one of the most ambitious power-plants ever unveiled by a British firm. This was the Tornado .29, a precision made, horizontally opposed, twin-cylinder glow with dual rotary valves fed from a single carburetor. Since a one-piece crankshaft is used the conrods have detachable caps - per full scale practice - each secured with two screws. Like most twins, it offers no power advantage over a good .29 single, but the remarkable smoothness of the simultaneous-firing opposed cylinder arrangement is a real delight. Davies-Charlton also make the Bantam, a beginner's .046 glow, which is one of the last expensive motors in the U.K.

D. J. Allen Engineering Ltd., of Edmonton, London, produce four orthodox diesels in popular displacements, .06, .09, .15 and .21, designed by Dennis Allen. Before entering the model engine business, he had been one of the first British modelers to take up U-control and, later, R/C flying. More recently, Allen has been turning out the A-M .049 glow engine - an English version of the Wen-Mac. In July 1961 Allen also took over the manufacture of Merco engines from stunt flier Bill Morley and engine tuning wizard Ron Checksfield. Back in '58 this pair had set out to provide British modelers with a stunt .35 comparable with top American equivalents. The Merco .35 is now the most widely flown stunt engine in Britain with a long string of contest successes in the hands of such experts as Frank Warburton and Ray Brown. The engine is also offered as a reduced bore .29 and there are R/C versions of both sizes. These latter are fitted with barrel type carburetor throttles linked to exhaust blanking plates.

MVVS 2.5/1959, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsJust before Merco manufacture shifted to Allen Engineering, a new engine was released, the 49 R/C. Now in production in both standard and R/C versions it is one of the finest mills ever made in the U.K. featuring twin ball-bearings, ringed aluminum piston and high grade construction. One of the most powerful R/C multi engines available, it offers .70-bhp be-tween 11,000 and 11,500-rpm on 5 percent nitro-methane fuel and is noted for its above-average power on such larger props as 12x6 and 12x8. Two of the three engines used by the winning British team at the 1962 World R/C Championships were Merco 49 R/C's.

A favored engine for R/C boats in Britain is the water-cooled Taplin Twin diesel. An air-cooled airplane version is also offered and the new Mark 2 has been increased from .42 to .49 displacement featuring a needle roller nose bearing in addition to three ball-bearings. The Taplin is a vertical in-line, alternate-firing twin - unusual in that crankshaft parts are pressed together after being inserted in the center bearings, the drive then being taken via a separate extension shaft. This twin is fitted with an effective barrel throttle carburetor and an exhaust manifold. It has a nickel-plated crankshaft, hard-chromed cylinders.

A-S "55", K&B Torpedo 15R, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsJAPAN - This country's best-known model engine firms are O.S. and Enya. O.S. is one of the oldest manufacturers of model motors. Owner Shigeo Ogawa built his first miniature power-plant in 1936 and went into production in 1937-38 with a .10 c.i.d. motor at the rate of about 20 per month. By 1941, Ogawa had designed seven more types, ranging from .27 to .58 c.i.d. After WW-II he re-established his factory on a larger scale and produced several more types including a ball-bearing disc-valve racing .64. The big-time turning point came after 1950 with the original O.S. .29. This engine was distributed in the U.S. by Bill Atwood and production went up to over 1000 per month. In 1956, the then new O.S. Max-1 15 helped win the World F/F Championship for Britain's Ron Draper and the O.S. name soon became known to modelers throughout the world.

Latest offerings are Max-6, Max-19 and Max-49, the latter two also available in R/C versions. Max-49 features a single inner ball-bearing supplemented by a bronze outer bush; the R/C job has a coupled throttle system of intricate design. This consists of a barrel throttle with adjustable air-bleed idling mixture control, remote needle-valve metering fuel to a separate jet and a neat exhaust valve enclosed in a diecast extension. The engine which delivers .65·bhp at 11,200-rpm on 5 percent nitro fuel is not overly heavy at 11 oz.

A-M 049, Veco Series 200, Frog 349-RC (209), D-C Tornado Twin (29), D-C Bantam (026), V.T.O. 25 (015), D-A Satellitt (06), Super-Sokol R/C (29), Cox Medallion 09, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsOgawa's 19, first O.S. of this displacement, is a little larger all round than the popular 15, but otherwise resembles the latest Max-III 15 with three-point (instead of two-point-as on the Max-II 15 and Max-III 29's and 35's) cylinder fixing and a counterbalanced prop driver. For R/C the 19 has a slightly simplified version of the Max-49 R/C throttle. The Max-III 15, more powerful than earlier O.S. 15's and with pressure feed and the venturi insert removed, has reached .42-bhp on 50 percent nitro in tests. (The factory lists .48).

All O.S. engines are glows. A .15-D diesel was made four years ago, but despite impressive specification, was not too successful. The crankcase casting of this later became the basis for the .15R special ball-bearing racing glow job. Several dozen of these made during 1960 and 1961 proved outstanding, particularly for FAI free-flight. Since the engine has not yet reached regular production it is not included on our list. O.S. is turning out a special contest version of their .29 known as the .29X which rates close to .80-bhp at 16,000-rpm on 30 to 40 percent nitro fuel.

Enya currently lists nine different displacement glow engines and two diesels, along with "TV" (throttle valve) versions of most of them. One of the most impressive is the .29-III which, on independent test, reached nearly .70-bhp at 15 to 16,000-rpm. It is also made in a special ball-bearing version for which .80-bhp is claimed. These have been doing particularly well for Class B team racers in Australia. Also successful in competition, the Enya 15-D diesel broke new ground when it appeared in Mk I form in 1956 Unlike most other contest diesel 15's, it used a loop-scavenged cylinder and the largest diameter shaft of any 15 diesel at that time. It came close to equaling Oliver performance and probably influenced other designers since it was followed by two successful European .15 diesels of similar configuration. In 1960 it was replaced by the present Mk. 2 which has the largest shaft journal of any ball-bearing 1.5 (.453" dia.) and delivers .34-bhp at 15,500 to 16,000-rpm.

P.A.W. 19-D, Mills 1.3 (08), A-S 55 (034), Typhoon-Twin (42), O.S. Max-6 (06), Veco 29R, K&B Torpedo 45, K&B Torpedo 35 R/C, Merco 35 Stunt, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsEnya's biggest is their plain-bearing 50, an extremely rugged motor that has been in production for the last eight years. This is available in an R/C edition fitted with a simple throttle-valve. Rather more complicated throttles are found on R/C versions of the 35-II and 45. These employ a barrel throttle, plus a bypass fuel system with an extra needle-valve to adjust idling mixture.

Enya engines are produced by the Enya Metal Products Co. Ltd., of Tokyo under the direction of three modeling brothers - Jiro, Saburo and Yoshiro Enya.

Fuji low-priced glow engines which fit popular displacements from .049 to .29 are of orthodox design, the smaller ones being reverse-flow scavenged, radially-ported types, while the larger designs are loop scavenged.

K.O. engines, built by Kondo Brothers, are currently confined to radially ported .049, .099 and .15 diesels plus a loop scavenged glow .15 which is also available with a coupled throttle system.

Finally, from Japan, we have the Kyowa 45 glow engine. Previously fitted in its R/C version with a coupled intake-exhaust throttle system similar to that of the O.S. 35 P/C, the Kyowa recently appeared with a new type carburetor similar, in principle, to the Johnson Auto Mix.

Jena-1 (06), Jasolka-2 (15), Eta 29 Mk.6, K&B Torpedo Series 61 29R, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsWEST GERMANY - Here the best known engines are Webra and Taifun. Webra started in 1951 with a plain bearing .15 diesel followed by a .09. In 1953 came the powerful, compact, relatively light, twin ball-bearing, short-stroke disc-valve Webra Mach-1 designed by Gunther Bodemann. This engine inspired many other continental designs; its bypass system, consisting of multiple internal cylinder flutes with the piston riding on thin lands at the bottom of its stroke, has been seen in the Polish Jasholka, East German Jena and Schlosser and Hungarian Krizsma-Record. Webra also made a glow version of the Mach-1 but this never duplicated the popularity of its diesel.

Bully-II .21 (not to be confused with earlier Bully shaft valve and plain bearing engines) also with twin ball-bearings and disc intake is offered in both R/C and glow versions. Biggest Webra is the flat twin Boxer .47 c.i.d. diesel, developed from the original Ruppert twin diesel which aroused so much interest in Europe in the planes of former R/C multi champion Karl-Heinz Stegmaier famed for his pneumatic servo system. The Boxer is still available with a rear mounted vacuum pump for those who use such servo systems.

Webra's smallest are the Piccolo 047 glow and diesel mills. Sport-Glo was designed at the request of the famous Schuco firm for their entry into the model plane market. Big-Ben 5 is a .29 glow for R/C.

Taifun engines-made for and distributed by the Johannes Graupner organization, Germany's biggest model firm - include six diesels and one glow. Four of the diesels are .15's, all use radially-ported cylinders and a 15 x 14mm bore and stroke, but each has a different crankcase and is quite dissimilar, as the specification table indicates. The Zvklon has an integral barrel-throttle type carburetor. Also for R/C is the .21 Bison glow, a loop-scavenged plain bearing shaft valve motor with coupled swiveling plate type exhaust baffle.

Popular sport type motors on the German market include the Jaguar and Rebell diesels. These are moderately priced conventional designs, all with radial porting, shaft valves and plain bearings. Derived from the Jaguar 2.5 is the Robbe Duo-29, a flat-twin using Jaguar cylinder assemblies. Flat twins made by Herman Fricke (F.M.O.) include a .39 c.i.d. diesel and a .61 c.i.d. glow, both with ball-bearing shafts.

Wen-Mac Rotomatic 049, Super-Tigre G.21/40, O.S. Max-III 29K, Taipan 1.5 (09), Glo-Chief 35, Johnson Combat-Special 36, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsEAST GERMANY - The Ferdinand Krick Bambino diesel is basically the same as the Tomboy engine that was formerly produced by Klaus Krick in West Germany. For an explanation we have to go back to 1958 when Benno Schlosser, who, with his father Max, turned out the Schlosser .15 diesel (used that year by Hungary's Erno Frigyes to win the World F/F Championship), left East Germany for the West. With him went Ferdinand Krick's son Klaus. The first engine this group began producing was the Schlosser Tomboy. Later, Schlosser took a job with Volkswagen and Krick continued to make the Tomboy for a time under his own name. It is obvious from data and photographs of the East German Krick Bambino that to all intents and purposes this is the same engine.

Another East German engine of similar specs is the WMD-05. In the 1.5 c.c. group (.09 c.i.d.) there is the Wilo 150, designed by Willi Otto who has made many engines in the past. Major producer in East Germany is Jenoptik Jena GmbH, better known as the Carl Zeiss Optical Works at Jena. Jena turns out a well-made .06 c.i.d. diesel fitted with ball-bearing shaft and a spring starter, unorthodox in that it is a side port motor but with the intake projecting horizontally forward, instead of backward, from the cylinder. Jena also makes six larger diesels based on a common crankcase and ball bearing shaft assembly. Two are .12 c.i.d., the others .15's. Their reed-valve .15 models are reported to produce .36 bhp.

ITALY - Like Fiat in the Italian auto world, Super-Tigre is the leading name in Italian model engines. Super-Tigres in many types are made by Micromeccanica Saturno of Bologna under the direction of owner Jaures Garofali. Their .15 c.i.d. glow for several years have been more widely used by FAI speed enthusiasts than any other. The present G.20/15 model is especially interesting for its unique, loop-scavenger cylinder porting in which the bypass ports open simultaneously with the exhaust, despite a perfectly flat piston head. Based on the same main casting as the .15 are .19 and .23 glows and a .15 diesel. An older Super-Tigre G.30 .15 diesel of entirely different design has a rear rotary drum valve and circumferential porting.

O.K. Cub, MVVS 25-D (15), Kyowa 45 R/C, Moscow MD-2.5, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsThree basic models are fashioned around S-T's latest series G.21 case. G.21/29 is a racing engine for which .95-bhp is claimed on nitro. G.21/35 is basically a combat motor. G.21/40 is also made with a ringed piston for R/C work with special Super-Tigre throttle assemblies. Two less expensive plain bearing .35's are offered - one for stunt with a conventional baffle piston, another for combat with a special piston and squish-band type head.

Garofali's S-T .51 and .56 are bronze bearing ringed-piston motors which have proved popular for R/C multi.

New pistons and deeply finned heads have overcome the heating troubles experienced with some early examples. Throttle assemblies are made to fit nearly all the S-T glow range (also the G.20/15 diesel) although the types recommended as most suitable for conversion are the .19, .23, .40, .51 and .56.

The Rossi brothers, U go and Cesare, of Brescia, who specialize in hopping-up Super-Tigres for speed work, are offering a .60 of their own design. Somewhat similar to the McCoy .60, it is a disc-valve, ball-bearing affair touted to deliver 1.84-bhp at 18,000-rpm.

U.S.S.R. - As we have remarked, it is most difficult to get an accurate and up-to-date statement of engine production in Russia, but our list includes six recent types, three diesels and three glows, four of which have actually passed through our hands. All these use pressure-cast parts, which suggests that they have been made in reasonable numbers .

Enya 15D-III, McCoy Red-Head 60, M.E.Heron (059), Cameron 15 R/C, Webra Piccolo-Glo (047), Barbini B.40 (15), 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsThe Kometa .29 and Moscow and VIP-20 .15's were all featured in "Iron Curtain Engines," American Modeler for August 1962, so no need for descriptions to be repeated here. The MK-12V, not to be confused with the earlier MK-12S and MK-12K engines, is a copy of the West German Webra Mach-1. The MK-16K is an interesting disc-valve .09 with a long crankshaft supported in ball-bearings fore and aft and having a performance which is comparable with many of the better European contest diesels of similar displacement. The Kharkov, a shaft-valve .15 intended for racing and free-flight, apparently based on the Czechoslovakian MVVS .15 diesel which it closely resembles.

FRANCE - Like Italy, France only two or three active manufacturers. Best known is Moteurs Micron of Paris. Micron, one of the pioneer manufacturers of diesels, has produced numerous types since the war, ranging from baby diesels to a racing .60. Most are now out of production or made to special order. Their current list includes four .09 and .15 diesels. .29 and .35 glow engines. Latest products are the .15 for FAI team-racing and the .35 for which a throttle carburetor is optional.

The Modelsport MS-10 is a new one built in both diesel and glow types. In contrast, the Stab 1.25 has been made for 16 years.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA and HUNGARY - Although Some Czech and Hungarian engines have been made by small independent producers, practically all current production is now in the hands of the official Model Development Centers known as MVVS and MOKI. In addition to the four motors listed, MVVS has a couple of new ones, but these have not yet reached the stage where they can be considered as "production" offerings.

MOKI now has a diesel version of the front rotary S-2 glow .15, called the D-1, which they claim delivers .37-bhp at 17,000-rpm. They have reverted to disc valve for their latest racing glow .15, the S-3. With this speeds approaching 130-mph on monoline and straight FAI fuel have been reported. Latest MOKI team-race TR-6 engine has the same general layout as the TR-4 and TR-5 series, but features a new crankcase and is generally similar in design to the Oliver Tiger.

MVVS 2.5R (15), Typhoon-5 (29) Enya 45-TV, Cox 15 Special, P.A.W. 2.49 Mk.III (15), MK-16K (09), 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsPOLAND and RUMANIA - Poland's leading designer is Stanislav Gorski, an accomplished modeler and engineer who built the first successful Wankel rotary-piston type miniature in Europe. Poland's most widely used powerplants, the Jaskolka .15 and Sokol .29 diesels, were both by Gorski. The Jaskolka has progressed through four models - shaft-valve and reed-valve plain bearing, reed-valve and disc-valve ball-bearing types. The last two, known as Jaskolka-2 and Jaskolka-3, are included on our list. Similar variations of the larger Sokol have also been produced, but a successor to these, the Super-Sokol, also by Gorski, is being turned out.

This engine is an entirely new design. The standard production version is a diesel manufactured by Ryszard Szmidtke of Mielec. Unlike the older Sokols, it is loop-scavenged (the first Polish engine of this type) with ball-bearing shaft and disc intake. Unique among diesels, it has a curved baffle on the piston, the contra-piston being recessed to take this. A glow version is assembled by the Polish Model Test Center in Warsaw. Rated .50-bhp at 14,000-rpm it is for C/L stunt work. In addition, the Test Center is making a limited number of throttle equipped versions for R/C and scale U-control models. The conversion consists of a simple butterfly valve in the intake which linked to a pivoted blade type exhaust restrictor drops rpm to 3 or 4,000 according to prop used.

Rumania is the latest East European country to produce its own engine, the I.O.R. 2.5. Based on the Webra Mach-1 it is built by Ruma-nian Optical Industries.

HOLLAND and NORWAY - Three Dutch Typhoon motors in our list are by Miniatuur-Motorenfabriek Ty-phoon of Amsterdam. The last type produced by the company was the .42 c.i.d. Typhoon-Twin, an in-line, alternate-firing, throttle-equipped diesel like the British Taplin, but with a special type of rotary-valve contained in the center coupling section of the 3-piece crankshaft. The engine has an extra power take-off shaft at the rear, suitable for driving a vacuum pump for pneumatic servo operation.

Typhoon's .29 disk-valve ball-bearing diesel was developed from the company's earlier racing .29; the R. 250 is an orthodox annular ported ball-bearing diesel.

Fox 40 R/R, E.D. Super-Fury (09), Fox Combat Special 35, Glo-Chief 45, Moki M-3 (36), Enya 35-II Tv, 1963 Annual American Modeler - Airplanes and RocketsNorway's Jan David-Andersen, one of the earliest manufacturers of diesels, put his first engine into small scale production late in 1944. A keen boat and airplane modeler, David-Andersen continued experimenting with various types of diesels before settling down to regular production in 1950 with a sturdy multi-purpose .15, which was later joined by an .06. Both have been superseded by improved models and current D-A production is concentrated on the three motors listed. These are superbly made with many pleasing refinements, such as glandnuts on the compression-screw and needle-valve to adjust tension. A full range of accessories, including throttles, exhaust extensions, water-jackets and marine drive assemblies, is also produced by David-Andersen Motors.

AUSTRALIA

Current Aussie production is confined to the engines made by Gordon Burford & Co., Ltd. Eight models include the Glo-Chief .19, .29, .35 and .45 glow jobs, the Taipan .09, .15 and .15 ball-bearing diesels, and the Taipan .15 glow. The glows are conventional loop-scavenged motors; the diesels are reverse-flow scavenged (i.e., radial port) motors. All are shaft-valve engines, soundly engineered and of good performance. Their well-produced crankcases are diecast. R/C versions of the 19 and 45 have recently been shown.

Additions to this listing will appear in future issues of American Modeler.

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